Behind History For December 9 – Today in History

Behind History For December 9

1905 – In France, the law of separation church and the state is passed.

1911 – A mine explosion near Briceville, Tennessee, kills 84 miners in spite of all the efforts taken to rescue led by the United States Bureau of Mines.

1917 – World War I: Field Marshal Allenby captures Jerusalem, Palestine.

1922 – Gabriel Narutowicz is elected the first president of Poland.

1931 – The Constituent Cortes (description of spain parliament) approves a constitution which establishes the Second Spanish Republic.

1935 – Student protests in Beiping (now Beijing)’s Tiananmen Square, in demand that the Chinese government actively resist Japanese aggression was dispersed by government.

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1935 – Walter Liggett, American newspaper editor and muckraker, is killed in a gangland murder.

1935 – The Downtown Athletic Club Trophy, later renamed the Heisman Trophy, is awarded for the first time. The winner is halfback Jay Berwanger of the University of Chicago.

1937 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanking: Japanese troops under the command of Lt. Gen. Asaka Yasuhiko launch an assault on the Chinese city of Nanjing (Nanking).

1940 – World War II: Operation Compass: British and Indian troops under the command of Major-General Richard O’Connor attack Italian forces near Sidi Barrani in Egypt.

1941 – World War II: The Republic of China, Cuba, Guatemala, and the Philippine Commonwealth, declare war on Germany and Japan.

1941 – World War II: The American 19th Bombardment Group attacks Japanese ships off the coast of Vigan, Luzon.

1946 – The “Subsequent Nuremberg trials” begin with the “Doctors’ trial”, prosecuting physicians and officers alleged to be involved in Nazi human experimentation and mass murder under the guise of euthanasia.

1946 – The Constituent Assembly of India meets for the first time to write the Constitution of India.

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1948 – The Genocide Convention is adopted.

1950 – Cold War: Harry Gold is sentenced to 30 years in jail for helping Klaus Fuchs pass information about the Manhattan Project to the Soviet Union. His testimony is later instrumental in the prosecution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg.

1953 – Red Scare: General Electric announces that all communist employees will be discharged from the company.

1956 – Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 810, a Canadair North Star, crashes near Hope, British Columbia, Canada, killing all 62 people on board.

1958 – The John Birch Society is founded in the United States.

1960 – The first episode of Coronation Street, the world’s longest-running television soap opera, is broadcast in the United Kingdom.

1961 – Tanganyika becomes independent from Britain.

1962 – The Petrified Forest National Park is established in Arizona.

1965 – Kecksburg UFO incident: A fireball is seen from Michigan to Pennsylvania; witnesses report something crashing in the woods near Pittsburgh.

1965 – A Charlie Brown Christmas, first in a series of Peanuts television specials, debuts on CBS.

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1968 – Douglas Engelbart gave what became known as “The Mother of All Demos”, publicly debuting the computer mouse, hypertext, and the bit-mapped graphical user interface using the oN-Line System (NLS).

1969 – U.S. Secretary of State William P. Rogers proposes his plan for a ceasefire in the War of Attrition; Egypt and Jordan accept it over the objections of the PLO, which leads to civil war in Jordan in September 1970.

1971 – Indo-Pakistani War: The Indian Air Force executes an airdrop of Indian Army units, bypassing Pakistani defences.

1973 – British and Irish authorities sign the Sunningdale Agreement in an attempt to establish a power-sharing Northern Ireland Executive and a cross-border Council of Ireland.

1979 – The eradication of the smallpox virus is certified, making smallpox the first of only two diseases that have been driven to extinction (rinderpest in 2011 being the other).

1987 – Israeli–Palestinian conflict: The First Intifada begins in the Gaza Strip and West Bank.

1988 – The Michael Hughes Bridge in Sligo, Ireland, is officially opened.

1992 – American troops land in Somalia for Operation Restore Hope.

1996 – Gwen Jacob is acquitted of committing an indecent act, giving women the right to be topfree in Ontario, Canada.

2003 – A blast in the center of Moscow kills six people and wounds several more.

2008 – The Governor of Illinois, Rod Blagojevich, is arrested by federal officials for crimes including attempting to sell the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by President-elect Barack Obama.

2012 – A plane crash in Mexico kills seven people.

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2013 – At least seven are dead and 63 are injured following a train accident near Bintaro, Indonesia.

2015 – The start of the thirty-sixth GCC summit in Riyadh business.

2016 – President Park Geun-hye of South Korea is impeached by the country’s National Assembly in response to a major political scandal. Prime Minister Hwang Kyo-ahn becomes Acting President, later declining to run for a full term.

2016 – At least 57 people are killed and a further 177 injured when two schoolgirl suicide bombers attack a market area in Madagali, Northeastern Nigeria in the Madagali suicide bombings.

2017 – The Marriage Amendment Bill receives royal assent and comes into effect, making Australia the 26th country to legalize same-sex marriage.